Graduate student Arielle Koshkin, left, takes notes as snow hydrologist Anne Nolin, right, measures snow reflectivity at the site of the 2021 Caldor Fire Monday, April 4, 2022, near Twin Bridges, Calif. As wildfires increase in severity and frequency across the West, researchers are studying how charred bark shedding from scorched trees may be further disrupting water supplies by contributing to an acceleration of snow melt to rivers, possibly leaving less water flowing in the summer when it's most needed. (AP Photo/Brittany Peterson)